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Unheard Voices - DALIT WOMEN
An alternative report for the 15th – 19th periodic report on India submitted by the Government of Republic of India for the 70th session of Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, Geneva, Switzerland
January 2007
Even as we are in the 21st millennium, caste discrimination, an age-old practice that
dehumanizes and perpetuates a cruel form of discrimination continues to be practiced.
India where the practice is rampant despite the existence of a legislation to stop this, 160
million Dalits of which 49.96% are women continue to suffer discrimination. The
discrimination that Dalit women are subjected to is similar to racial discrimination, where
the former is discriminated and treated as untouchable due to descent, for being born into
a particular community, while, the latter face discrimination due to colour. The caste
system declares Dalit women as ‘impure’ and therefore untouchable and hence socially
excluded. This is a complete negation and violation of women’s human rights. We urge
this august body to pay special attention to this issue and come up with recommendations
to eradicate the caste system.
Dalit women are thrice discriminated, treated as untouchables and as outcastes, due to
their caste, face gender discrimination being women and finally economic
impoverishment due to unequal wage disparity, with low or underpaid labour. According
to the Hindu caste hierarchy, there are four castes namely the Brahmins (priestly caste),
the Kshatriya (warriors), the Vaishyas (traders and the Shudras (menial task workers).
Below this four tier caste ladder is another rung, who are called the
untouchables (Panchamas). Among the untouchables, the status of women is further
eroded and closely linked to the concept of purity. This is what the rigid, fundamentalist
Hindu promotes through continuation of caste system, imposing the Brahminical values
to maintain the caste system.
The creation of a number of Hindu religious books including the Manusmriti, Atharva
Vedas, Vishnu smriti, and many others like these and their strict compliance by the
Brahmans (upper priestly hindu caste), led to a society in which equality between men
and women was far from existent (Agarwal). Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, an architect of the
Indian constitution, also makes it very clear in his article titled “The rise and fall of
Hindu woman” that the root cause of suffering for women in India are these so called
Hindu religious books (Thind; Agarwal). Books like the Manusmriti divide people into a
stratified caste system and promotes inequality between men and women (Thind;
Agarwal). According to the Manusmriti, women have no right to education,
independence, or wealth (n.pag). It not only justifies the treatment of dalit women as a
sex object and promotes child marriage, but also justifies a number of violent atrocities
on women as can be seen in the following verses (Agarwal; Manusmitri):
A man, aged thirty years, shall marry a maiden of twelve who pleases him. Or a man of twenty-four a
girl of eight years of age. If (the performance of) his duties would otherwise be impeded, he must
marry sooner. (Manusmitri IX.94)
By a girl, by a young woman, or even by an aged one, nothing must be done independently, even in
her own house.” (Manusmriti V.147)
Her father protects (her) in childhood, her husband protects (her) in youth, and her sons protect (her)
in old age; a woman is never fit for independence. (Manusmriti IX.3)
Women have no right to study the Vedas. That is why their Sanskaras are performed without Veda
Mantras. Women have no knowledge of religion because they have no right to know the Vedas. The
uttering of the Veda Mantras is useful for removing sin. As women cannot utter the Veda Mantras,
they are as unclean as the untruth. (Manusmriti IX.18)
A Brahman, Kshatriya, or Vaishya Man can sexually exploit any shudra woman. (Manusmitri IX.25)
Tamil Nadu Women’s Forum
76/37, G-1, 9th Street, "Z" Block, Anna Nagar West,
Chennai, 600 040, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Tel: +91-(0)44-421-70702 or 70703, Fax: +91-(0)44-421-70702
E-mail: burnad@md3.vsnl.net.in
Tamil Nadu Women's Forum is a state level initiative for women's rights and gender justice. Tamil
Nadu Women's Forum (TNWF) was started in 1991 in order to train women for more leadership,
to strengthen women's movement, and to build up strong people's movement.
Tamil Nadu Women’s Forum is a member organization of the International Movement against All
forms of Discrimination and Racism (IMADR), which has consultative status with UN ECOSOC
(Roster).
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